"A Crow" by Kyoji Okamoto

New in Multilingual Processing!

• Re-started the activities of the Multilingual Computing Users Group (MULCO): the fourth MULCO meeting on April 3, 1999; the MULCO mailing list on April 19: and MULCO Newsletter No. 2 on May 6.

• On Oct. 29, 1998, the Interpreting Telecommunications Laboratories of the Advance Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika-machi, Kyoto, announced its completion of a prototype Japanese-to-English voice recognition & synthesis system, in addition to such English-to-Japanese system. (Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Oct. 30, 1998)

• With the addition of French from Dec. 19, 1997, the 18th Winter Olympic News is offered in the official home page of NAOC (Nagano Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee), at Japanese, English and French. It is the first such 3-language periodical publication in the Web. As announced by IBM Corp, the Nagano Olympic Information System was operated in these three languages, Jan.-Feb., 1998. The official home page was running until Aug., 1998, but terminated thereafter.

• The Universal Networking Language (UNL) Project of the Institute of Advanced Studies, United nations University, Tokyo, aims to implement 12 language translation for 2000. (Dr. Hiroshi Uchida at the UNL Symposium, Nov., 1997)

• Just published in August, 1997: The Multilingual Web Guide in Japanese

• The Electrotechnical Lab, of MITI's AIST (Agency of Industrial Science and Technology), held the Second Symposium on Multilingual Information Processing, on March 26-28, in Tsukuba City, Japan. I was the speaker of the vendor sessions on the first day. Its first conference was held on March 25-26, 1996, at ETL, with the speakers from Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, U.S.A. and Vietnam. Hisashi Ishida made a keynote address.

• International Unicode/ISO 10646 Conference: 10th Conference on March 10-11, 1997, in Mainz, Germany. See the support Web written in 29 languages in Unicode. Its 8th Conference was held on April 18-19, 1996, in Hongkong; and 9th Conference on September 4-6, 1996, in San Jose, USA.

• Web Internationalization & Multilinguism Symposium on Nov. 20-21, 1997, in Seville, Spain

• FontLand, Tokyo, announced the availability in March of 35,000-Character Unicode Font Set, including 21,000 Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters, in Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files on CR-ROM, for 29,000 yen. [2/19/96]

• Tokyo System Trade, a China-Japan multinational company, now in Cyberspace. ['96.2.25.]

• The Languages of the World by Computer Home Page has moved to the new kotoba subdirectory: http://www.iijnet.or.jp/horse/kotoba/. (3/30/96) It is now being re-constructed at http://www.threeweb.ad.jp/logos/ (7/27/96)

Astronomy

I now use the handle name of "Canopus" after the second brightest star in the sky. The brightest star in heaven is Sirius in the constellation Canis Major (Big Dog), but Canopus is known in China as the Southern Star of Happiness, perhaps from the reddish color of this star in the constellation Carina (Keel), lying just above the southern horizon as viewed from northern China. [1/28/96]

My contributions (in Japanese):

• Wrote: "Visiting the Zijin-Shan Astronimical Observatory, the Mecca of China's Astronomy World" in the March, 1992 (Vol. 32) issue of "Gekkan Tenmon" (Monthly Astronomy, Tokyo: Chijin Shokan), pp. 17-18 About my visits in October, 1991, to the planetarium at the Children's Palace in Shanhai and the Zijin-San (Forbidden Mountain) Astronomical Observatory in the suburbs of Nanjing
• Wrote: "Visiting the Amateur Astronomers in Taiwan" in the October, 1992 (Vol. 32) issue of "Gekkan Tenmon" (Monthly Astronomy, Tokyo: Chijin Shokan), pp. 22-25 About my visits in June, 1992, to the Planetarium of the National Science Museum in Taichung and the Astronomical Association of Tainan City
• Translated: "Taiwan's Night Skies Brightened by the Southern Cross" in the February, 1993 (Vol. 33) issue of "Gekkan Tenmon" (Monthly Astronomy, Tokyo: Chijin Shokan), pp. 20-22 I translated from Chinese to Japanese the article about Taiwan's night skies written by LIN Qisheng of Tainan Astronomical Association

The Stars, Planets and Other Asronimical Events, 2001-2002

• From about May, Mars can be observed in the constellations Scorpio and Sagittarius; and from about November, Saturn in the constellation Bull, and Jupiter in the Twins.

The Stars and Planets of Christmas 2000:

This year's long, hot summer is gone far, far away, and we in this part of the Big Globe are now in winter, the season when we can enjoy the beautiful starry skies at night.
• December 21 was the Winter Solstice, the day which is said to have the shortest day time. Actually December 16 in Tokyo, Japan, had the sunrise at 6:44 and sunset at 16:29, and December 26, ten days after the Winter Solstice, our sunrize was at 6:49 and sunset at 16:35.

• A little after sunset, we can view W-shaped Cassiopeia, considered usually one of the fall constellations, from which we can easily find Polaris, the North Star. Because the sunset is so early, we can still view in the western sky the constellation Cygnus (Swan), or the Northern Cross, and on its left, Deneb of Lyra (Harp) and, on its right, Altair of Aquila (Eagle) , which are usually counted as summer constellations.

• The bright planet in the south western sky that you can see before and after the sunset is Venus, the Evening Star now.

• The bright planet that is in the west at sunset and comes above your head around 21:00 is Jupiter. It can be viewed by telescope to have four satellites that were found by Galileo Galilei. A little west of Jupiter is another planet, Saturn, which can be observed to have rings around itself by telescope, that looks like the brim of a Mexican sombrero.

• Both Jupiter and Saturn are in the constellation Taurus (Bull), whose alpha star (brightest star) is Aldebaran. It is the right eye of the Bull and is part of the V-shaped star cluster called the Hyades. In Bootes, there is another star cluster that can be viewed by naked eyes, called the Pleiades, which are known in Japan as Subaru (from the archaic verb "sumaru" which meant "to cluster") or "Mutsuraboshi" (Six Clustered Stars). What a wonderful sight!

• In the southwestern sky, in the left below of Bootes, is the constellation Orion. Further on the left side of Orion is the constellation Canis Major (Greater Dog) and its alpha star, Serius. Serius is the brightest star in heaven (except the four planets of Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn). You can draw the Great Triangle of Winter by connecting by line Aldebaran, Serius and the bright star on their left (east), Procyon in the constellation Canis Minor (Lesser Dog).

• The only remaining planet visible to the naked eye is Mars, which now can be viewed in the constellation Virgo (Virgin). Before dawn, you can trace the tail of the Big Dipper in the constellation Ursa Major (Big Bear) in north, extend the curving line to pass yellow-colored Arcturus of the constellation Bootes (Herdsman, pronounced "bow-OWE-tease), and further extend it to reach Spica, the brightest star of the constellation Virgo in south. (Both Virgo and Bootes are usually considered as spring constellations.) A little left of Spica is found Mars, a reddish-colored planet. In June, 2001, Mars will come nearest to the Earth, to be seen in the constellation Scorpio (Scorpion).

• Which star do you think guided the Wise Men of the east to Bethlehem? (It does not say in the Bible that there were three Wise Men.) Thanks be to God who created these wonderful starry skies!

In 2001, Chinese New Year is on January 24; Lent starts on Wednesday, February 28 (Ash Wednesday); Easter falls on April 15; and Pentecost on June 3. �@Spokesperson, Anglican/Episcopal Astronomy & Space Club, and Christian Amateur Astronomy Club in Yokohama-Shonan, Japan, 2000/12/26

The Astronomical and Space Calendar 2000:

• During the first half, the red-colored planet in the western sky at dusk is Mars. About 8 or 9 pm, the two bright planets above your head, a little to the south, are Jupiter and Saturn. (Jupiter is brighter than Saturn.) To their right are the familiar constellations: Taurus, with Aldebaran, a red star; Orion; and Canis Major, with Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. In March, a rare phenomenon of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn clustering in one area can be observed. Venus is a morning star that can be observed in the southeastern sky.
• The movable feasts: Chinese New Year on Feb. 5, Ash Wednesday on March 8, Easter on April 23, and the Moon Festival on Sept. 12

The Astronomical and Space Calendar 1997:

• This year's Chinese New Year is Saturday, Feb. 8; Dragon Boat Festival is Monday, June 9; and Moon Festival is Sunday, Sept. 17 (see a lunar eclipse)
• In February, Japan's Space Sience Research Institute will put up Muses B, a very large based electric wave interferometer (VLBI) into orbit
• A solar eclipse in Mongolia and Siberia on Sunday, March 9
• Hale-Bopp Comet will reach its nearest points to Earth on March 22 and to the sun on April 1. Its brightness is expected to reach 0 or minus 1 degree.
• In October, Japan's third astronaut, Takao Doi, will be on board NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia.

BBSing

As for the commercial networks, I used NIFTY-Serve, CompuServ's Japanese licensee. You saw me in Foreign Language Forums (go fl), China Forum (go china), Macintosh Users SIG (go fmacus) Multilingual Room 13, or OS/2 Users' Forum (go fos2)! I did not use CompuServe's Foreign Language Educators' Forum (go flefo) because access to CompuServe from Japan through NIFTY-Serve is prohibitively expensive.

Camping, Kayakking and Tennis

Canoeing and kayakking is a sport I picked up late. Mine is a one-seater folding kayak made by Fujita Canoe, Kyoto. It is made of wooden structure and canvas, so I can fold it to a 40-lbs. package, carry it on my back and go anywhere I want to, without the hassle of driving my car. I paddled in the Pacific Ocean coast (Fujisawa to Odawara), down the Sagami River (Atsugi to Hiratsuka, a day trip), the Nagara River (Seki City to Hashima City, two nights camping) and the upper Delaware River near Barryville, New York, and the Atlantic Ocean coasts at Milton Point, New York and in Stamford, Connecticut.

I have not paddled my kayak for more than a year now. This year, I feel I must take it out and paddle, at least one a month, but already January is over... [2/4/96]

From the Life of Canopus

The Languages of the World by Computers and the Internet Home Page

I was an IBMPC user (ThinkPad 530CS) with OS/2 Warp, but had a lot of Windows and Macintosh user friends.

If agreed, your comments about Logos Home Page will be placed here:

1998

Marjolein Katsma of Amsterdam wrote: I just had a look at your "the Languages of the World..." and in particular the Dutch section in the German page. Alas, it contains several errors. The poet-playwright was called Joost van den Vondel (not "van der"). The Flemish would most certainly take offence to having called their variation of Dutch a "dialect". It's simply part of regular (official) Dutch. ... While the Dutch alphabet officially has 26 characters, that does not cover all the "glyphs" in use in the Dutch language - some accents used in correct spelling are simply not regarded part of the alphabet. Both "ë" and "ï" are actually needed to allow correct Dutch spelling in all cases. Examples are "geëerd" (honored) and "geïmmigreerd" (immigrated). The accents here are necessary to indicate the start of a new syllable.

Then there is the letter "ij" which is actually a single letter (and especially for children learning the alphabet takes the place of "y" which only occurs in foreign words). In the electronic age it is commonly typed as two letters as in this example because the character "ÿ" has a shape on most computer screens that does not conform well to the actual shape of the letter. Also, because it is actually a single letter, it has to be capitalized as a single letter as well: thus "IJmuiden" is the correct spelling for the place on the North Sea coast, and "Ijsselmeer" is absolutely incorrect for the inner sea that used to be called Zuiderzee before it was dammed: it should be "IJsselmeer". Then there are words borrowed from German, like "überhaupt" (meaning something like anyway) or from French, like "reçu" (receipt) that haveÿreally become part of the language, requiring yet more accented letters.

Code pages used are either 437 (US English, but it covers all the glyphs mentioned above) or 850 (International); 437 is often preferred since it not only has all necessary glyphs but also the full set of graphical characters some of which are missing from 850. Dutch keyboards do seem to exist and (annoyingly) some Dutch-language software versions install itself as if there is one; I have never actually seen one though: the usual keyboard is simply the US keyboard; the UK keyboard layout may occur but is also rare. Usually, word processors provide methods to make it easier so for instance in Word for Windows you type something like Ctrl+" and then an e to produce ë. Even in the days of DOS, it was usual to make a series of keyboard macros for WordPerfect (at least versions 4.1 till 5.1) or more advanced text editors with macro capability. There are also small TSR-programs available for DOS that make keys like ' ` and " "sticky" and if you type a valid vowel after that will produce the correct character; to produce ' ` or " by themselves you just type it twice. I've used all methods in my time, but preferred the keyboard macros in WP when still using DOS and the current built-in method in Word for Windows because they are more easily remembered than the arbitrary numerical codes. Hope this helps! [01/22/98] I replied: Let me update van den Vondel immediately, and later update other parts, because I am terribly tied up in the midst of the Nagano Winter Olympics support. Yes, there are Dutch words like "Australië" (Astralia) and "Indonesiër" (male Indonesian) that include an e with diaeresis, showing the e is independently pronounced separate from the i preceeding it; and "café" (coffee shop) that includes an e with French acute accent.

1996-97

Jope Moro Jiménez of Madrid said: Yoshi, be careful about Catalan being spoken also in Valencia and the Baleares, according to your Spanish page. The inhabitants of these regions will object to that, as they maintain theirs are different languages. Just warning you... :-) [2/5/96]

Eiko Cheng of Belmont, MA, said: What you are doing sounds exciting. ... Unfortunately, I cannot read what seems like your Japanese symbols. Do you know how one might be able to read and write on the Internet? Yoshi Mikami replied: I believe a Macintosh user will get the Japanese Language Kit from Apple Computer, in order to be able to handle Japanese on Mac OS. [2/9/96]

Gary Rosen of San Diego, CA, wrote: I like your Web site. (When I access it here, it came up very quickly.) I think you should have a button that says Japanese or English on the top page. Having both languages on the screen is messy and inconvenient. I replied: Gary, I thank you for this comment. I will be moving to this convenience as soon as I can. Currently I am working on this information provider's ego: 1) Minimizing my friend, Tsuguo Usui's Sunday job of file loading time; and 2) Whipping myself to update both English and Japanese information equally, only because it appears in the same page (i.e., otherwise I'm afraid that I would be concentrating on either English or Japanese, which is no good). [2/9/96]

Tomimoto Amano, Tokyo, called me by phone: FontLand has just announced the availability in March of 35,000-Character Unicode Font Set, including 21,000 Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters, in Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files on CD-ROM, for 29,000 yen. It is for both Macintosh and Windows platforms. Contact: +81-3-3208-9800, Fax: +81-3-3208-7270. (See Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 2/20/96) [2/19/96]

Mike Martin of San Jose, CA: Thanks a lot for letting me know about your language web pages. I have added a link to them from the front page of my TRAVLANG Home Page (Foreign Languages for Travelers). [6/21/96]

Pierre Chazal wrote: Thank you for your excellent pages about Spanish, Portuguese and French. The links are interesting. Of course it is difficult to treat such subjects in a few pages. Maybe I desagree only in some details.

For me Catalan is not really related with Spanish but a separate language. However if you mention it, it would have been interesting mentioning Galician (Gallego/Galego), intesting to mention as a language related to Portuguese too. Cf. http://www.galego.org

Occitan too is not (for me) really related to French. But Catalan and Occitan are related together. Cf. Occitanet:

http://www.mygale.org/09/simorre/OccitaNet.htm
http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/1443/

Publishing

I then co-authored another book, "PC Directory of Foreign Languages Processing Products '95" (Tokyo: International Thomson Publishing Japan, 1995; ISBN 4-900718-11-4, 2,893 or 2,980 yen including tax) in Japanese. Everytime we met, Kazuhiko Machida, the co-author, made us to laugh by his humorous talks and taught us the ISCII (Indian Standard for Information Interchange). Yumiko Kawamura was the editor who took care of the translation of Ian Tresman, "Multilingual PC Directory" UK: Knowledge Computing, 1994), which my book contains based on the Japanese translation right, and the management of sending/receiving the questionnaires. Good luck to Yumi!

Included in the book are the 13 episodes of the people who provide PC foreign language solutions. I especially enjoyed preparing the pages for the overseas people in the Three Continents: Gary Rosen and Linda Brandt of Gamma Productions, San Diego, USA (p.132), Pat Kirkish of Apple Computer, Cupertino, USA (p.141), and Mike Wu of IBM, Toronto, Canada (p.169); Hans-Peter Vietze of vPerfect, Berlin, Germany (p.102); and Wang Xuan of Beida Fangzheng, Beijing, China (p.119) and K. Machida working at the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India (p.186).

My third book, The Multilingual Web Guide, written with co-authors Kenji Sekine and Nobutoshi Kohara, is available at local bookstores in Japan from Aug. 21, 1997, with a CD-ROM, in Japanese from O'Reilly Japan, the Japanese subsidiary of O'Reilly & Associates of U.S (distributed by Ohm Sha. first, and most likely in other languages later. ISBN 4-900900-23-0; 3,900 yen plus tax. We have been assisted by seven cooperators in writing (Yoshiro Yamazaki, Nobue Yasumitsu, Atsumi Deguchi, Ginko Nagata, Eiji Irie, Masami Okamoto and Rin Katoku) and other people in various work (Yumiko Kawamura and Yukinobu Muromachi in editing, Masaya Kobatake in publishing, etc.). Many thanks! Its English, French, German and other-language editions were evaluated for publication, but they were abandoned.

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